This is the history of a small, special kind of downsizing. The original engine is considered to be modern, especially the cylinder head with its slightly twisted four valves. Through this, one hoped to achieve a certain swirl-formation. The smaller engine has maintained its good characteristics. By the way, not only the bore or the stroke were reduced, but both measurements. The long-stroke feature of Diesel engines seems to be a thing of the past, at least in the motor car segment. The leaving out of the compensation shafts is interesting. One now hopes to absorb any possible stronger vibrations by using the new type of hydro-bearings. If it's successful, it will be another small step in the direction of lower CO2-emission. Further savings in the smaller engine, are, e.g., the weight of the cylinder block, which is still made from cast iron. Savings, in the case of the exhaust system, are apparently not possible, the recycled portions are cooled by their own electric pump. Another interesting point, is the increased commitment by the Continental company, they have introduced a timing belt, which has changing intervals of an incredible 300,000 kms, giving it an advantage over the timing chain. At the same time, there is a drive belt going down to the oil pump. Significant is also, that Continental also supplies the fuel injection system. Well, that's just about everthing then. We'll still mention the fuel, which, below certain temperatures, is sent from the flow-back directly to the fore-flow and not to the tank. Furthermore, there is the unbelievable amount of care taken with the crankcase ventilation to remove the last droplet of oil, before the fuel is burnt in the combustion chamber. The fact that a high pressure valve in the oil circuit, directly in the casing of the oil pump, makes a connection between the pressure- and the vacuum side possible, is not particularly surprising, rather the motor for the swirl-flaps, which have no function. 03/11