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Brakes
Single-circuit System
Dual-circuit Brake
Disc Brake
Turning Brake-discs
Disc parking brake
Drum Brake 1
Drum Brake 2
Drum Brake 3
Engine Brake
Master Cylinder 1
Master Cylinder 2
Brake Pad
Brake Pad 2
Brake Pad 3
Brake Fluid 1
Brake Fluid 2
Brake Servo
Brake assist system
Electr. Brake Servo
ABS 1
ABS 2
ABS 3
ABS 4
ABS/ESP-Hydr. Unit
ESP 2
Wheel sensor 1
Wheel sensor 2
Parking Brake
Overrun Brake 1
Overrun Brake 2
Brake recuperation 1
Brake recuperation 2
Brake recuperation 3
Elektro-hydr. Brake 1
Elektro-hydr. Brake 2
Calliper (electr. brake)
Brake Test Stand 1
Brake Test Stand 2
Floating Brake
Sliding-calliper 1
Sliding-calliper 2
Sliding-calliper 3
Sliding-calliper 4
Brake doesn't release
Disc-brake Caliper
Disc brake failure 1
Disc brake failure 2
Floating Brake
Fixed-calliper 1
Fixed-calliper 2B
Fixed-calliper 3
Parking Brake 1
Parking Brake 2
Parking Brake 3
Parking Brake 4
Carbon Brake Disc
Ventilated Disc 1
Ventilated Disc 2

Compressed Air Brake 1
Compressed Air Brake 2
Electr. Compr. Air Brake
Driving Preparation
Drum Brake (truck) 1
Drum Brake (truck) 2
Drum Brake (truck) 3
Drum Brake (truck) 4
Disc Brake (truck) 1
Disk Brake (truck) 2
Trailer Brake System
Handbrake
Brake-air Compressor
Water-drainage
Air Dryer
Pressure Regulator
Four-circuit Protection
Dual-circuit Brake
ALB Regulator
Diaphragm Cylinder 1
Diaphragm Cylinder 2
Spring-type Cylinder 1
Spring-type Cylinder 2

Force (brake)
Distance (brake)
Time (brake)
Brake (pedal-force)

Brake (general) 1
Brake (general) 2
Brake (general) 3
Brake (general) 4
Brake (general) 5
Brake (general) 6
Brake (general) 7
Hydraulic brake 1





Pneum. Brake 1
Pneum. Brake 2
Pneum. Brake 3
Pneum. Brake 4
Pneum. Brake 5
Hydraulic Brake



Braking Systems








Tasks of the brake
Reduce speed,
avoid unwanted acceleration
vehicle e.g. keep on the mountain


The brakes transfer the forces applied to the brake pedal, either regulated or to achieve the maximum deceleration, depending on the driving situation. Thereby, the vehicle should stay on track and always remain steerable. It's function must be guaranteed, also then, when the high temperature between the lining/pad and the drum/disc reaches between 700 - 800°C (with non-ceramic material). Basically, when braking, kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy. This conversion is always distinctly more effective and quicker than the other way round (heat-> movement) in the combustion engine. Thus, a vehicle can always brake better than it can accelerate.

Legal minimum delay: 5,8 m/s²

The foot brake generates or regulates the pedal-pressure, which is then hydraulically, thus evenly distributed to the individual brake cylinders, which provide for friction between the disc/drum, which turns with the wheel, and the static friction surfaces linked to the suspension. In motor cars and light delivery vehicles, most of the force is provided by pressing the brake pedal with the foot. The pressure to the linings/pads follows hydraucally. In larger trucks and busses, the lining/pad pressure is applied pneumatically. In this case, one can only regulate by using the brake pedal. One speaks of power-assisted brakes.

In the case of the hand brake, the situation is more complicated. Here, the force can be applied either by hand or by foot. With newer hand brakes, the force can also be delivered by an electric motor or hydraulic pump. With the power-assisted brake, the handbrake is operated either pneumatically or - more often - by a strong spring on the brake linings, which is pressed together by compressed-air.

Since 1978 the electronics have found their way into the brake systems. In the beginning, it released the individual wheel-brakes for a short time when too much slip threatened. Then an intervention was developed which, under certain circumstances, increased the brake power more than the force applied by the pedal activity. Relatively new, (2006) are interventions whereby the vehicle brakes, without the driver doing anything at all, then however, only when a full braking is necessary to avoid an, otherwise certain, rear-end collision. 09/11

Cycle of a braking application (without ABS intervention)
Detect the danger
Reaction time, till the pedal is slamed
Pressure in the system increases, max. delay reached
Speed will be reduced significantly
Pedal is released






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