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 History of Information Technology
Informatics (Computer science) = Information + Automatic
| 1100 v. Chr. | Abacus (mechanical arithmetic aid) | | v. 1800 | Binary figure system, Pascal (1623-1662) and Leibnitz (1646-1716) | | 1823 - 1833 | Idea of a
digital arithmetic machine (Charles Babbage) | | 1815 - 1864 | The arithmetic work of the computer is built up from logical basic circuits. The basis for these circuits forms the statement logic developed by the
English mathematician George Boole, also called Bool algebra. This statement logic was intended originally to pose philosophical problems with only two statements as comprehensive mathematical formulation. Boole
assigned the signs "1 and "0" to the statements "true" and "false". Booles statement logic formed a century later the basis of the digital switch logic (informatics). | | 1843 | Copy telegraph - fax (Bain, Scotland)
| | 1875 | Photo-electric selenium cell (Siemens, Germany) | | 1886 | Electromechanical classifying and countable machine (Hollerith, the US) | | 1939 | Relay computer with
program control (Zuse, Germany) | | 1942 | First functioning computer in tube technology (Atanasoff) | | 1944 | First program controlled computer (Aiken, the US) and Z4 also (Zuse, Germany) |
| 1945 | Electronic numerical Integrator And computer, fully-electronic computer (Eckert, Mauchly, the US) | | 1948 | Transistor (Shockley, the US),Computer of the company IBM, remote control (the
US) | | 1949 | Light pen, English Lightpen (Massachusetts institutes of Technology) | | 1951 | Transistors on the market (the US) | | 1954 | Transistor from silicon | | 1955 |
Transistor computer (Felker, the US) | | 1957 | Digital Equipment Corporation (Olsen, Anderson, US) | | 1959 | Integrated Circuit (Noyce, Kilby, US) | | 1960 | Common
Business Orientated Language (USA), List Processing Language (USA) | | 1963 | digital processing of pictures (Gregg, the US) | | 1967 | Radio clock
(Hilberg, Germany), electronic calculator with printer (Texas of dash, the US) | | 1968 | Introduction of the integrated switching circuit (IC), Liquid Crystal Display (RCA, the US), Centronics (parallel interface,
Wang-Laboratories) | | 1969 | Pascal (ETA, Zurich), ARPA net (precursor of the Internet, the US), Sanders association, later: Advanced Micro Devices (Sanders, Turney, chip manufacturers, the US) | |
1970 | Microprocessor (Texas Instruments, the US), Dynamic Random Access memory (Intel, the US), Smalltalk (Xerox, Palo Alto, the US), Sructured Query Language (Codd, the US) | | 1971 | Silicone
Valley, valley southeast of San Francisco (Hoefler), microcomputer models 4004 (2300 transistors, Intel) and 6502 (Motorola), laser printer (Starkweather, Xerox Parc, the US), ink-jet printers (Casio, J) | | 1972 |
Intel 8008, Texas Instruments T1000 (processor for electronic calculator), 5 1/4-inch disks, video game (Atari) | | 1973 | Operating system CP/M, computer with mouse / Graphic user interface, quantity
production electronic calculator (US), accumulator-programmed control (Siemens, Germany), beginning of the Ethernet development ('ether network', Metcalfe, the US) | | 1974 | Motorola 68.000, Intel 8080 |
| 1975 | Founding of Microsoft by Bill Gates (19) and Paul Allen | | 1976 | 6502 (MOS technology), founding of Apple computer by Stephen Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Apple I, Structured Query
Language (IBM) | | 1977 | Zilog Z80, Tandy TRS 80, Apple II | | 1978 | 8086, Basis of today´s Pentium (Intel, the US) | | 1979 | Compact Disc Read Only memory (Sony,
Philips), Intel 8088, word processing (Word star), Small computer system interface (Shugart Technology), table calculation (VisiCalc) | | 1980 | Robot manufacturing begins, Homecomputer (e.g., Sinclair
ZX80), OS 9 - real-time operating system (Microware, the US) | | 1981 | Hard disk, personal computer, 8088, 4.77 MHz, 29,000 transistors (IBM, the US), VC 20 (Commodore), Music dash Digitally interface
(Smith, the US) | | 1982 | Intel 286 (100,000 transistors, the US), Sun Microsystems (from home Bechtols, the US), Commodore C64 (till 1987 more than 10 million copies sold), IBM-Compatible, laptop ('lap
computer', Epson, the US), MP3 - compression of audiodata (Fraunhofer institute, Germany) | | 1983 | IBM PC XT, 256 MBit chips (Siemens, Germany), graphic operating surface (Lisa, Apple), Apple IIe |
| 1984 | first Emails in Germany, Mainframe-Computer (IBM, the US), Apple-Macintosh | | 1985 | 32-bit microprocessor 80386 (Intel, the US), Windows (Microsoft), notebook ('notebook', Toshiba, J)
| | 1986 | Centrum for office and information technology (fair in Hannover), 80486 integrates Coprozessor (Intel, the US), the first 'de-Domain' possible, theory of the quantum computer (In German) | |
1988 | Quantum computer (still low efficiency), Cyrix founded | | 1989 | W3 protocol (Berniers Lee, GB), MS office for Mac (Microsoft, the US), Integrated service Digitally Network, Compact Disc ROM
specification (Philips, Sony, Microsoft) | | 1991 | Opening of the Internet, WWW and HTML standard (Geneva, Ch), development Java (Sun, the US), LINUX, free Unix operating system (Linus Torvalds, F), MS
office for Windows, Visual BASIC (Microsoft, the US), Ethernet on Twisted Pair (Institute of Electrial and Electronical Engineers) | | 1992 | Alpha, RISC processor of DEC, Windows 3.1, Object Linking and
Embedding 1.0 (Microsoft, the US), Cx486SLC (Cyrix, the US), Operating system 2 (IBM still with Microsoft, the US), Peripheral Component Interconnect bus standard (Intel, the US), neuro computers | | 1993 |
Worldwide Positioning system released (GPS), Intel parallel processor Pentium (3 million transistors, the US), net cape browsers (Andreessen, the US), Windows NT (Microsoft, the US), Newton (Apple, the US), portable
Document format (Adobe, the US) | | 1994 | Novell DOS 7.0, Pentium computers with PCI bus, PS/2-SIMM, Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics (western Digital, the US), FDIV bug in Pentium, Virtual
Reality Modeling Language 1.0 | | 1995 | K6 microprocessor (AMD, the US), 6x86 (Cyrix, the US), Power Mac, Java (Sun, the US), HTML (Hyper text Markup Language) 2.0, Windows and office 95 (successor
3.1), 486 in Mac, Digital Versatile Disc standard, Pentium successor P6, Pascal successor Delphi (Borland, the US), Mac with PCI bus (Apple, the US), netscape navigator 2.0, Javascript, Java (Sun Microsystems, the US)
| | 1996 | Universal Serial bus (Intel, the US), Pentium 6 (Intel, the US), CD-RW (Philips, Sony etc.), Windows CE for Handhelds, OS/2 Warp 4 (IBM alone) | | 1997 | Pentium MMX (Intel, the US),
Google, HTML 3.2 | | 1998 | AMD K6, HTML 4.0, Windows 98 (successor 95) | | 1999 | Pentium 3, 28 million transistors, 512 kByte Cache (Intel, the US), DVD burner, Internet Explorer overhauls
netscape navigator | | 2000 | GPS released with maximum pixels, Intel Pentium 4 (42 million transistors, the US), USB 2.0, MMX technology with multimedia, VIA Cyrix III, Windows ME (successor 98), Windows
2000 (successor NT) | | 2001 | Windows XP successor to Windows 98 and in 2000, current saving Crusoe processor (Transmeta, the US) | | 2003 | Athlon 64, 106 million transistors (AMD, the
US) | | 2006 | Unclocked processor with particularly low power consumption (ARM, the US), end of OS/2 (IBM) | | 2007 | Windows Vista (successor XP) |
| 2008 | Gates leaves Microsoft, Windows 7, Support Netscape Navigator set, Palm Treo |
| 2009 | Palm Pre |
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