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Citroen

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1955 ID 19
1954 Hydropneumatic
1949 2 CV Engine
1949 2 CV
1947 H-type
1934 Traction Avant
1932 Rosalie
1931 Chenilette
1923 Type C
1922 5 CV Trefle
1919 Type A



Citroën ID 19











Citroën ID 19
EngineIn-line four-cylinder
Displacement1911 cm³
Bore * stroke78 * 100 mm
Main bearings3 later 5
Compression7,5 : 1
CylinderCast iron
Engine controlOHV (timing chain)
Valves2 per cyl., V-shaped, rocker
Mixture preparationSingle venturi carburetor
Tank capacity64 litres
Cooling systemFluid
TorqueApprox. 133 Nm at 2500 rpm
Performance55 kW (75 HP) SAE-standard
Rated speed3800 rpm
Drive trainMid-mounted engine, longitudinal, front-wheel drive
TransmissionFour-speed
Wheelbase3124 mm
Wheel track (in front)1500 mm
Wheel track (rear)1314 mm
Suspension (in front)Single-arm double wishbones
Suspension (rear)Trailing arm, pulled
Brake forceHydraulic system
Brakes (in front)Discs, inboard, slipping calipers (2 pistons)
Brakes (rear)Duplex drum brakes
SteeringGear rack, hydraulic system
Tyres 165 x 400
ConstructionAndre Lefebvre
DesignFlaminio Bertoni
Drag coefficient0,38
Length4800 mm
Width1790 mm
Height1470 mm
WeightApprox. 1220 kg + driver
Maximum speedApprox. 140 km/h
Construction periodSince 1955
Later modellsEstate car, Convertible


The design is considered simply the best in the last century. This was the first car combining a favourable air resistance with elegance so skilfully, above all in series production. The initial name for this car was VGD, where VGD stands for: 'voiture grande diffusion', translated as a car with a large spread. Later on, the letters for the top model changed into 'DS'. In spoken language this resembles the French name for goddess, 'la déesse'. The professional world rather calls this car a 'Diva' than a goddess.
The company Citroën already had some tradition in introducing spectacular cars, but the ID version is definitely one of the most spectacular. The non visible technology was not spectacular though, as it was adapted from the Traction Avant. Including the backward step of a chassis-like framework, the predecessor had already put down. The hydro-pneumatics is not new for Citroën, too.
Besides the exciting design, the front and tail hood were manufactured from aluminum and the roof from GRP (glass fibre reinforced plastic). The ID is the first mass production car with disc brakes (in front). Disc brakes fit very well with hydraulic actuation, because of their small self reinforcements. The brake knob and above all its sensitive operation were extraordinary. After one year it was replaced again by a brake pedal. Later on, a central hydraulics operated semi-automatic was added.
The fascinating feature of the car was probably the combination of appearance and driving experience. The disguised rear wheels are uniquely stylish, fenders, which may be unscrewed with just one turn. Some details, for example the openings of the doors, or the first half transparent and later chromium-plated, conical turn signals at the end of the roof will probably remain unique. This Citroën carried the emotion of travelling comfort to a higher order. The passengers enjoyed the gentle and stress-free travelling with sufficient space in the interior. The instrument panel was manufactured from a relatively flexible plastic and also the single-armed steering wheel contributed to accident-safety, a topic which was just starting at that time.
Unfortunately, a high-quality car is frequently boring in terms of design, and vice versa. It seems as if the strength of the engineers would be sufficient only for excellent design OR excellent quality. The nickname 'diva' in this sense refers to the darker sides of being a diva. The car's complexity is one of the problems, especially in combination with inexperienced workshops and of course the treatment of the car. In France it was - at that time - a usual upper class car and it was often treated as such. Abroad there were DS-fans, who embedded their DS with roses. Like a real diva!

Further Informations

Citroën DS (Wikipedia)




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