Informatics (Computer science) = Information + Automatic
1100 v. Chr.
Abacus (mechanical arithmetic aid)
v. 1800
Binary figure system, Pascal (1623-1662) and Leibnitz (1646-1716)
1823 - 1833
Idea of a digital arithmetic machine (Charles Babbage)
1815 - 1864
The arithmetic work of the computer is built up from logical basic circuits. The basis for these circuits forms the statement logic developed by the English mathematician George Boole, also called Bool algebra. This statement logic was intended originally to pose philosophical problems with only two statements as comprehensive mathematical formulation. Boole assigned the signs "1 and "0" to the statements "true" and "false". Booles statement logic formed a century later the basis of the digital switch logic (informatics).
1843
Copy telegraph - fax (Bain, Scotland)
1875
Photo-electric selenium cell (Siemens, Germany)
1886
Electromechanical classifying and countable machine (Hollerith, the US)
1939
Relay computer with program control (Zuse, Germany)
1942
First functioning computer in tube technology (Atanasoff)
1944
First program controlled computer (Aiken, the US) and Z4 also (Zuse, Germany)
1945
Electronic numerical Integrator And computer, fully-electronic computer (Eckert, Mauchly, the US)
1948
Transistor (Shockley, the US),Computer of the company IBM, remote control (the US)
1949
Light pen, English Lightpen (Massachusetts institutes of Technology)
1951
Transistors on the market (the US)
1954
Transistor from silicon
1955
Transistor computer (Felker, the US)
1957
Digital Equipment Corporation (Olsen, Anderson, US)
1959
Integrated Circuit (Noyce, Kilby, US)
1960
Common Business Orientated Language (USA), List Processing Language (USA)
1963
digital processing of pictures (Gregg, the US)
1967
Radio clock (Hilberg, Germany), electronic calculator with printer (Texas of dash, the US)
1968
Introduction of the integrated switching circuit (IC), Liquid Crystal Display (RCA, the US), Centronics (parallel interface, Wang-Laboratories)
1969
Pascal (ETA, Zurich), ARPA net (precursor of the Internet, the US), Sanders association, later: Advanced Micro Devices (Sanders, Turney, chip manufacturers, the US)
1970
Microprocessor (Texas Instruments, the US), Dynamic Random Access memory (Intel, the US), Smalltalk (Xerox, Palo Alto, the US), Sructured Query Language (Codd, the US)
1971
Silicone Valley, valley southeast of San Francisco (Hoefler), microcomputer models 4004 (2300 transistors, Intel) and 6502 (Motorola), laser printer (Starkweather, Xerox Parc, the US), ink-jet printers (Casio, J)
1972
Intel 8008, Texas Instruments T1000 (processor for electronic calculator), 5 1/4-inch disks, video game (Atari)
1973
Operating system CP/M, computer with mouse / Graphic user interface, quantity production electronic calculator (US), accumulator-programmed control (Siemens, Germany), beginning of the Ethernet development ('ether network', Metcalfe, the US)
1974
Motorola 68.000, Intel 8080
1975
Founding of Microsoft by Bill Gates (19) and Paul Allen
1976
6502 (MOS technology), founding of Apple computer by Stephen Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Apple I, Structured Query Language (IBM)
1977
Zilog Z80, Tandy TRS 80, Apple II
1978
8086, Basis of today´s Pentium (Intel, the US)
1979
Compact Disc Read Only memory (Sony, Philips), Intel 8088, word processing (Word star), Small computer system interface (Shugart Technology), table calculation (VisiCalc)
1980
Robot manufacturing begins, Homecomputer (e.g., Sinclair ZX80), OS 9 - real-time operating system (Microware, the US)
1981
Hard disk, personal computer, 8088, 4.77 MHz, 29,000 transistors (IBM, the US), VC 20 (Commodore), Music dash Digitally interface (Smith, the US)
1982
Intel 286 (100,000 transistors, the US), Sun Microsystems (from home Bechtols, the US), Commodore C64 (till 1987 more than 10 million copies sold), IBM-Compatible, laptop ('lap computer', Epson, the US), MP3 - compression of audiodata (Fraunhofer institute, Germany)
1983
IBM PC XT, 256 MBit chips (Siemens, Germany), graphic operating surface (Lisa, Apple), Apple IIe
1984
first Emails in Germany, Mainframe-Computer (IBM, the US), Apple-Macintosh
1985
32-bit microprocessor 80386 (Intel, the US), Windows (Microsoft), notebook ('notebook', Toshiba, J)
1986
Centrum for office and information technology (fair in Hannover), 80486 integrates Coprozessor (Intel, the US), the first 'de-Domain' possible, theory of the quantum computer (In German)
1988
Quantum computer (still low efficiency), Cyrix founded
1989
W3 protocol (Berniers Lee, GB), MS office for Mac (Microsoft, the US), Integrated service Digitally Network, Compact Disc ROM specification (Philips, Sony, Microsoft)
1991
Opening of the Internet, WWW and HTML standard (Geneva, Ch), development Java (Sun, the US), LINUX, free Unix operating system (Linus Torvalds, F), MS office for Windows, Visual BASIC (Microsoft, the US), Ethernet on Twisted Pair (Institute of Electrial and Electronical Engineers)
1992
Alpha, RISC processor of DEC, Windows 3.1, Object Linking and Embedding 1.0 (Microsoft, the US), Cx486SLC (Cyrix, the US), Operating system 2 (IBM still with Microsoft, the US), Peripheral Component Interconnect bus standard (Intel, the US), neuro computers
1993
Worldwide Positioning system released (GPS), Intel parallel processor Pentium (3 million transistors, the US), net cape browsers (Andreessen, the US), Windows NT (Microsoft, the US), Newton (Apple, the US), portable Document format (Adobe, the US)
1994
Novell DOS 7.0, Pentium computers with PCI bus, PS/2-SIMM, Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics (western Digital, the US), FDIV bug in Pentium, Virtual Reality Modeling Language 1.0
1995
K6 microprocessor (AMD, the US), 6x86 (Cyrix, the US), Power Mac, Java (Sun, the US), HTML (Hyper text Markup Language) 2.0, Windows and office 95 (successor 3.1), 486 in Mac, Digital Versatile Disc standard, Pentium successor P6, Pascal successor Delphi (Borland, the US), Mac with PCI bus (Apple, the US), netscape navigator 2.0, Javascript, Java (Sun Microsystems, the US)
1996
Universal Serial bus (Intel, the US), Pentium 6 (Intel, the US), CD-RW (Philips, Sony etc.), Windows CE for Handhelds, OS/2 Warp 4 (IBM alone)
1997
Pentium MMX (Intel, the US), Google, HTML 3.2
1998
AMD K6, HTML 4.0, Windows 98 (successor 95)
1999
Pentium 3, 28 million transistors, 512 kByte Cache (Intel, the US), DVD burner, Internet Explorer overhauls netscape navigator
2000
GPS released with maximum pixels, Intel Pentium 4 (42 million transistors, the US), USB 2.0, MMX technology with multimedia, VIA Cyrix III, Windows ME (successor 98), Windows 2000 (successor NT)
2001
Windows XP successor to Windows 98 and in 2000, current saving Crusoe processor (Transmeta, the US)
2003
Athlon 64, 106 million transistors (AMD, the US)
2006
Unclocked processor with particularly low power consumption (ARM, the US), end of OS/2 (IBM)
2007
Windows Vista (successor XP)
2008
Gates leaves Microsoft, Windows 7, Support Netscape Navigator set, Palm Treo